部门的农业、食品和资源经济学“保障未来粮食供给粮食安全政策创新实验室

Liverpool-Tasie, S。里尔登,T。Sanou,。,Ogunleye, W., Ogunbayo, I., & Omonona, B. T. (2017).价值链在非洲的转型:从第一个大型调查证据的玉米交易员在尼日利亚(排名1879-2018-2151)。

文摘

这份报告的结果是第一大玉米交易员在尼日利亚的调查在过去的几十年。1943名交易员的样本覆盖南部的一个州和4个在北方,在城市批发市场和区域市场交易员。我们调查2011年和五年后资产和行为。主要结论如下。第一:有趣的发现的结构部分。交易员是大量中小企业——平均每年收入440000美元70000年在北部和南部。但整个玉米贸易段相当集中,基尼系数为70%。交易员主要是专业从事交易,而不是交易和农业(没有从事玉米生产在南方,只有40%的人在北方的玉米,形成只有10%的贸易)。交易商还专门从事玉米(约占70%的卷)和批发(持有)而不是代理(收费)。第二:有趣和令人惊讶的发现对客户端和空间段的配置。 The maize supply chain is North-North and North-South. It depends overwhelmingly on the North, with even the Southern traders buying 80% of their maize from the North. Surprisingly, compared to the traditional view of wholesalers buying from rural brokers and thus being long and fragmented, it is partially “dis-intermediated”, with Northern urban traders buying 50% of their maize from farmers, and Southern urban traders buying 60%. Further, 80% of maize is sold by the traders to other traders and retailers, and only about 20% to feed and flour mills. The latter are still an emerging sector. In all these exchanges, contracts cover only a tiny share, about 5%. Third, our survey provides insights into the conduct of trading sector that contrasts with the traditional view. Traders own very little of the transport and warehousing they use. In the main they rely on a well-developed 3PLS (third party logistics service) sector market, and a warehouse rental market. Moreover, traders buy the great majority of maize (except for the minority they produce as farmers) already bagged. Thus, few traders dry or fumigate the maize. Most traders label the bags with their own information, but then often ship the maize in mixed lots with other traders in 3PLS trucks. Few traders (only 24%) store their maize, and then only for a short time. We found there is extremely little waste/loss of maize in their handling of the bags. Fourth, we find that a long-held view of traders advancing funds or inputs to farmers (or other traders) to “tie output with credit” is simply not the case among maize traders in Nigeria today. We find that to be near absent – 6% of transactions in the South, 10% in the North, for advance of funds, and 0% for advance of inputs. We turn to the policy implications of our findings.